WI Rehabilitation - Wildlife Care - Medical Care - Diseases


	Rehabilitation

	Permits

	Administration

	Education

	Resources

	Wildlife Care

	Supplies

	Environment

	Wildlife Vet

	Related Fields

	IWRC Hotline

	Conferences

	Notices

Home Rehabilitation Wildlife Care Medical Care Diseases Diseas of Birds


	Diseases
	Diseases of Birds
	Diseases of Mammals
	Diseases of Reptiles & Amphibians

West Nile	Bacterial	Viral	Parasitic
Websites	Journals	Textbooks

West Nile Virus

West Nile virus is a flavivirus, closely related to St. Louis encephalitis. It is found in Africa, West Asia and the Middle East, and recently has begun to spread throughout North America.

WNV is spread by the bite of infected mosquitoes, and at this writing has infected more than 110 species in North America (including, amongst others, raptors, songbirds, waterfowl and game birds). Members of the corvid family (ravens, crows, jays and magpies) are especially susceptible to the virus.

Infected birds may exhibit symptoms such as malaise, ataxia, poor coordination, constricted pupils, anorexia, diarrhea, rapid respiration, salivation, inability to fly, distended crop, etc.

Some commonly seen infectious diseases of birds are:

Bacterial Diseases

Bacterial

Avian Cholera (many species)
Botulism (especially ducks, game birds, shore birds, raptors)
Chlaymdiosis (psittacosis: psitticines and many other species)
Conjunctivitis ("finch conjunctivitis" especially in species that visit feeders)
E-Coli
Listeriosis (affects many species; raptors acquire it from infected prey)
Mycobacteriosis (Avian Tuberculosis: many species)
Pasteurellosis (especially birds that are caught by cats)
Salmonellosis
Spirochetosis (grouse, pheasants, turkeys, waterfowl)
Staphylococcosis
Streptococcosis
Ulcerative enteritis (Quail disease: bobwhite quail)

Viral Diseases

Viral

Avian Pox
Avian Influenza (most birds)
Duck Plague (duck virus enteritis: herpes virus: ducks, geese, swans)
Paramyxoviruses (especially pigeons) and Newcastle Disease (avian pneumoencephalitis: many birds, including cormorants, pigeons)
Viral Hepatitis of Ducks (especially Mallard ducks); Viral Hepatitis of Geese
West Nile Virus (most birds, especially corvids)
Fungal
Aflatoxicosis (toxin produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus)
Aspergillosis (many birds, especially waterfowl and captive raptors)
Candidiasis (young birds, raptors; especially birds with crops, like doves)

Parasitic Diseases

Parasitic

Capillaria
Coccidiosis
Flukes
Gapeworm
Giardiasis
Roundworm
Trichomoniasis

Websites

Bloemfontein Natural Museum

Scope: Avian ecto, endo and blood parasites
Online Volumes:
URL: http://www.nasmus.co.za/ornithol/COLLECTI.HTM

The British Veterinary Dermatology Study Group

Scope: Avian dermatology: includes information on ectoparasites, bacterial and viral skin disease
Online Volumes:
URL: http://pcwww.liv.ac.uk/~timn/avian_dermatology.htm

Cornell University

Scope: Finch conjuctivitis site
Online Volumes:
URL: http://birds.cornell.edu/hofi/stages.htm

USGS National Wildlife Health Center

Scope: Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases: General Field Procedures and Diseases of Birds
Online Volumes:
URL: http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/pub_metadata/ field_manual/field_manual.html

What's Bugging Your Birds?

Scope: An Introduction to the Ectoparasites of Purple Martins
Online Volumes:
URL: http://www.purplemartin.org/update/Parasites.html

Journals

Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery

Scope: Association of Avian Veterinarians Australian Committee: Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine
Online Volumes:
URL: http://wwwvet.murdoch.edu.au/birds/aav/aav-aus.htm

Textbooks

Avian Medicine:Principles and Application [Abridged]
by Donald W. Zantop (Editor), Branson Ritchie (Editor), Greg J. Harrison (Editor), Linda Harrison, Don Zantop

Designed to be used in conjunction with the large original text, this Abridged Edition makes the details included in the comprehensive book more accessible on a daily quick reference basis. This is especially useful to the busy avian practitioner who wants instant access to familiar passages, tables and charts.
Paperback: 809 pages
Zoological Education Network, Inc.
ISBN:0963699652

[see it at amazon.com]

Avian Medicine and Surgery:
by Robert B. Altman, DVM; Susan L. Clubb, DVM, Gerry M. Dorrestein, DVM, PhD, and Katherine Quesenberry, DVM

Extensive text on basic and advanced clinical avian medicine and aviculture, for avian practitioners and veterinarians. Problem-oriented approach. Halftone illustrations, some color plates.
Diplomate Hardcover
W.B. Saunders
ISBN:0721654460

[see it at amazon.com]

Host-Parasite Evolution:General Principles and Avian Models
by Dale H. Clayton (Editor), Janice Moore (Editor)

This is a question-oriented volume with a solid organismal foundation that will help to bridge the gap between evolutionary ecologists and parasitologists. A range of experts have written chapters that review general concepts and provide a detailed survey of the parasites of a major group of hosts. The book concludes with extensive reviews of methods used to study bird parasites. It is a novel and valuable tool for anyone interested in understanding host-parasite interactions
Paperback: 400 pages
Oxford University Press
ISBN:0198548923

[see it at amazon.com]

Manual of Avian Practice:
by Agnes E. Rupley

Text on the diagnosis and treatment of birds. For veterinarians with little avian experience, students, and technicians.
Paperback - 556 pages
W B Saunders Co
ISBN:0721640834

[see it at amazon.com]

Parasites and Diseases of Wild Birds in Florida:
by Donald J. Forrester, Marilyn G. Spalding, Tom H. Logan

This distinctive reference is the first to present all available information on the various parasites, diseases, and other factors that cause sickness and death in Florida's wild birds, with an emphasis on distribution, prevalence, and significance.
Hardcover: 1024 pages
University Press of Florida
ISBN:0813025605

[see it at amazon.com]